Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

西宁盐碱地区高速公路植被恢复技术探讨

西宁至马场垣高速公路穿越的地区属于生态脆弱带。与其他生态脆弱区不同的是，其土壤中盐分的含量非常高，土壤碱性强，它不仅导致植物的生理干旱，还对植物细胞产生毒害作用，不良的植被恢复措施也加重其危害程度。为减轻盐碱的危害需要采取相应的措施如筛选适宜植物、农业灌溉、化学及其它措施，可以减轻危害恢复植被。     

矿区复合生态系统中土壤演替和植被演替的相互影响

在讨论矿区复合生态系统涵义的基础上，以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例，探讨了大型露天矿区复合生态系统演替与原生态系统演替的不同，即露天矿区复合生态系统演替极大地受着社会--经济--自然三方面的控制，在演替过程中土壤演替与植被演替相互影响、相互协调，共同作用了矿区复合生态系统。同时，还阐述了进行矿区生态重建的两大关键措施：生态环境建设和群落建设。     

安太堡露天矿南排土场滑体植被治理技术

论述了安太堡矿南排土场滑体整治模式,通过植被减少滑体侵蚀及水土流失,改善了滑体的生态景观,对滑体安全起到了良好作用。     

森林植被影响径流形成机制研究进展

径流形成机制研究在水文学领域中具有十分重要的意义,且受到越来越广泛的重视。水文环境以及水文通量的空间异质性和时间变化性导致了水文过程的尺度依赖性和非线性特征,没有对水文过程较为清晰的认识,就不能将某一地区某一流域森林植被变化水文生态效应的研究结果简单地外推到其他地区和其他流域。开发基于物理过程分布式参数水文模型可以为认识森林植被变化的生态学后效和客观评价森林植被水文生态效益提供可行的工具。但是要实现这一目标,研究森林植被影响径流形成机制是问题的核心所在。另一方面,认识森林影响径流形成机制有助于研究水文学中的尺度问题。研究森林植被影响径流形成机制的主要方法包括水文测验、同位素示踪和动力水文学计算等,研究的空间尺度则为坡面与流域相接合。从已有的研究成果来看,森林植被影响径流形成机制可以概括为:①森林流域径流形成为变动源区产流机制;②森林流域径流形成主要受饱和地表径流、亚表层径流和地下径流的控制;③森林流域径流形成机制是相互作用和相互转化的;④优先流在森林流域径流形成中起到了至关重要的作用。     

典型黄土塬区不同植物措施水土保持效应分析

基于黄土高原典型黄土塬区2014-2016年的自然降雨数据及5种植被措施（乔木、灌木、撂荒、人工种草、耕地）下的坡面产流、产沙情况的观测数据,系统分析了不同植被覆盖措施下的黄土坡地水土流失对不同类型侵蚀性降雨的响应机制,结果表明：（1）降水集中于4-10月份,其中引发水土流失的侵蚀性降雨集中于7月、8月。（2）根据最大30分钟降雨强度I₃₀及降雨总量可将侵蚀性降雨分为5种类型,其中小雨量、小雨强类型的降雨是当地发生频率最多的侵蚀性降雨类型;降雨强度最大的Ⅴ雨型降雨侵蚀力最大,降雨量最大的Ⅰ雨型降雨侵蚀力次之,而Ⅱ雨型降雨侵蚀力最低;Ⅴ雨型在观测期内产流产沙量最大。（3）5种植被措施在不同降雨类型下均有明显的水土保持效应,在不同类型降雨下不同植物措施减沙率和减流率变化规律不同。研究结果对于黄土高原地区水土保持及资源可持续利用具有重要的指导意义。     

中国农业植被净初级生产力模拟(I)——模型的建立与灵敏度分析

以业已建成的稻麦作物净初级生产力模型为基本框架,建立了一个具有普适性的中国农业植被净初级生产力模型(CropC-)。CropC-的模拟对象为占我国农作物总播种面积2/3的水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜和大豆。该模型包括2个主要功能模块:光合作用和呼吸作用;土壤-作物系统氮素运移。前者综合考虑了环境因子和氮素的影响,后者包括了作物氮素吸收、土壤氮矿化和化肥氮释放。灵敏度分析表明,在输入参数变化±10%时,CropC-对6个主要输入参数响应的敏感性依次为温度>光合有效辐射>大气CO2浓度>土壤全氮含量>施氮量>降水。模型分析表明,气候变暖将降低作物净初级生产力。     

生物多样性在路域植被恢复中的应用

从生物多样性的特点出发 ,根据公路路域的特点以及近年来公路绿化成功与失败的经验 ,探讨植物多样性在公路植被恢复中的应用。自然界中植物通过多种多样的组合体而存在 ,多样性是自然形成 ;利用植物多样性原理可以提高路域植被的恢复水平和景观效果     

四方山、达尔滨湖自然保护区植被及植物区系组成

本文论述了四方山、达尔滨湖自然保护区植被生态条件、植被类型、植物类群组成、生活型组成、水分生态类型及区系地理成分等调查成果。